Getting Started with Puppet - Basic Installation and Setup

Puppet is a configuration management tool that simplifies system administration. Puppet uses a client/server model in which your managed nodes, running a process called the Puppet agent, talk to and pull down configuration profiles from a Puppet master.

Puppet deployments can range from small groups of servers up to enterprise-level operations. This guide will demonstrate how to install Puppet 6.1 on three servers:

• A Puppet master running Ubuntu 18.04
• A managed Puppet node running Ubuntu 18.04
• A managed Puppet node running CentOS 7

After installation, the next section will show you how to secure these servers via Puppet. This section will demonstrate core features of the Puppet language.

Note

Most guides will instruct you to follow the How to Secure your Server guide before proceeding. Because Puppet will be used to perform this task, you should begin this guide as the root user. A limited user with administrative privileges will be configured via Puppet in later steps.

Before You Begin

The following table displays example system information for the servers that will be deployed in this guide:

You can choose different hostnames and fully qualified domain names (FQDN) for each of your servers, and the IP addresses for your servers will be different from the example addresses listed. You will need to have a registered domain name in order to specify FQDNs for your servers.

Throughout this guide, commands and code snippets will reference the values displayed in this table. Wherever such a value appears, replace it with your own value.

Create your Linodes

1. Create three Linodes corresponding to the servers listed in the table above. Your Puppet master Linode should have at least four CPU cores; the Linode 8GB plan is recommended. The two other nodes can be of any plan size, depending on how you intend to use them after Puppet is installed and configured.

2. Configure your timezone on your master and agent nodes so that they all have the same time data.

3. Set the hostname for each server.

4. Set the FQDN for each Linode by editing the servers' /etc/hosts files.

   Example content for the hosts file

   You can model the contents of your /etc/hosts files on these snippets:

   File: Master

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7

   127.0.0.1 localhost 192.0.2.2 puppet.example.com puppet # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

   File: Node 1 (Ubuntu)

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7

   127.0.0.1 localhost 192.0.2.3 puppet-agent-ubuntu.example.com puppet-agent-ubuntu # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

   File: Node 2 (CentOS)

   1 2 3

   127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.0.2.4 puppet-agent-centos.example.com puppet-agent-centos

   You can model the contents of your /etc/hosts files on these snippets: …

5. Set up DNS records for your Linodes' FQDNs. For each Linode, create a new A record with the name specified by its FQDN and assign it to that Linode’s IP address.

   If you don’t use Linode’s name servers for your domain, consult your name server authority’s website for instructions on how to edit your DNS records.

   Updating DNS records at common nameserver authorities

   The following support documents describe how to update DNS records at common nameserver authorities:

   • CloudFlare
   • GoDaddy
   • DreamHost
   • Gandi
   • 1&1
   • Network Solutions
   • Bluehost
   • HostGator
   • Namecheap
   • Hover

   The following support documents describe how to update DNS records at common nameserver authorities: …

Puppet Master

Install the Puppet Server Software

The Puppet master runs the puppetserver service, which is responsible for compiling and supplying configuration profiles to your managed nodes.

The puppetserver service has the Puppet agent service as a dependency (which is just called puppet when running on your system). This means that the agent software will also be installed and can be run on your master. Because your master can run the agent service, you can configure your master via Puppet just as you can configure your other managed nodes.

1. Log in to your Puppet master via SSH (as root):

   ssh root@puppet.example.com
   

2. Download the Puppet repository, update your system packages, and install puppetserver:

   wget https://apt.puppet.com/puppet-release-bionic.deb
   dpkg -i puppet-release-bionic.deb
   apt update
   apt install puppetserver
   

Configure the Server Software

1. Use the puppet config command to set values for the dns_alt_names setting:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet config set dns_alt_names 'puppet,puppet.example.com' --section main
   

   If you inspect the configuration file, you’ll see that the setting has been added:

   cat /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf
   

   [main]
   dns_alt_names = puppet,puppet.example.com
   # ...

   Note

   The puppet command by default is not added to your PATH. Using Puppet’s interactive commands requires a full file path. To avoid this, update your PATH for your existing shell session:

   export PATH=/opt/puppetlabs/bin:$PATH
   

   A more permanent solution would be to add this to your .profile or .bashrc files.

2. Update your Puppet master’s /etc/hosts to resolve your managed nodes' IP addresses. For example, your /etc/hosts file might look like the following:

   File: /etc/hosts

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

   127.0.0.1 localhost 192.0.2.2 puppet.example.com puppet 192.0.2.3 puppet-agent-ubuntu.example.com puppet-agent-ubuntu 192.0.2.4 puppet-agent-centos.example.com puppet-agent-centos # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

   Note

   This snippet incorporates the FQDN declaration described in the Create your Linodes section.

3. Start and enable the puppetserver service:

   systemctl start puppetserver
   systemctl enable puppetserver
   

   By default, the Puppet master listens for client connections on port 8140. If the puppetserver service fails to start, check that the port is not already in use:

   netstat -anpl | grep 8140
   

Puppet Agents

Install Puppet Agent

1. On your managed node running Ubuntu 18.04, install the puppet-agent package:

   wget https://apt.puppet.com/puppet-release-bionic.deb
   dpkg -i puppet-release-bionic.deb
   apt update
   apt install puppet-agent
   

2. On your managed node running CentOS 7, enter:

   rpm -Uvh https://yum.puppet.com/puppet/puppet-release-el-7.noarch.rpm
   yum install puppet-agent
   

Configure Puppet Agent

1. Modify your managed nodes' hosts files to resolve the Puppet master’s IP. To do so, add a line like:

   File: /etc/hosts

   1	192.0.2.2 puppet.example.com puppet

   Example content for the hosts file

   You can model the contents of your managed nodes' /etc/hosts files on the following snippets. These incorporate the FQDN declarations described in the Create your Linodes section:

   File: Node 1 (Ubuntu)

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

   127.0.0.1 localhost 192.0.2.3 puppet-agent-ubuntu.example.com puppet-agent-ubuntu 192.0.2.2 puppet.example.com puppet # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

   File: Node 2 (CentOS)

   1 2 3 4 5

   127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.0.2.4 puppet-agent-centos.example.com puppet-agent-centos 192.0.2.2 puppet.example.com puppet

   You can model the contents of your managed nodes' /etc/hosts files on the following snippets. These …

2. On each managed node, use the puppet config command to set the value for your server setting to the FQDN of the master:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet config set server 'puppet.example.com' --section main
   

   If you inspect the configuration file on the nodes, you’ll see that the setting has been added:

   cat /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf
   

   [main]
   server = puppet.example.com
   # ...

3. Use the puppet resource command to start and enable the Puppet agent service:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet resource service puppet ensure=running enable=true
   

   Note

   On systemd systems, the above command is equivalent to using these two systemctl commands:

   systemctl start puppet
   systemctl enable puppet
   

Generate and Sign Certificates

Before your managed nodes can receive configurations from the master, they first need to be authenticated:

1. On your Puppet agents, generate a certificate for the Puppet master to sign:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent -t
   

   This command will output an error, stating that no certificate has been found. This error is because the generated certificate needs to be approved by the Puppet master.

2. Log in to your Puppet master and list the certificates that need approval:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppetserver ca list
   

   It should output a list with your agent nodes' hostnames.

3. Approve the certificates:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppetserver ca sign --certname puppet-agent-ubuntu.example.com,puppet-agent-centos.example.com
   

4. Return to the Puppet agent nodes and run the Puppet agent again:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent -t
   

   You should see something like the following:

   Info: Downloaded certificate for hostname.example.com from puppet
   Info: Using configured environment 'production'
   Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
   Info: Retrieving plugin
   Info: Retrieving locales
   Info: Caching catalog for hostname.example.com
   Info: Applying configuration version '1547066428'
   Info: Creating state file /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache/state/state.yaml
   Notice: Applied catalog in 0.02 seconds

Add Modules to Configure Agent Nodes

The Puppet master and agent nodes are now functional, but they are not secure. Based on concepts from the How to Secure your Server guide, a limited user and a firewall should be configured. This can be done on all nodes through the creation of basic Puppet modules, shown below.

Note

This is not meant to provide a basis for a fully-hardened server, and is intended only as a starting point. Alter and add firewall rules and other configuration options, depending on your specific needs.

Puppet modules are Puppet’s prescribed way of organizing configuration code to serve specific purposes, like installing and configuration an application. You can create custom modules, or you can download and use modules published on Puppet Forge.

Add a Limited User

To create a new limited user on your nodes, you will create and apply a new module called accounts. This module will employ the user resource.

1. From the Puppet master, navigate to the /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules directory. When a managed node requests its configuration from the master, the Puppet server process will look in this location for your modules:

   cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules/
   

2. Create the directory for a new accounts module:

   mkdir accounts
   cd accounts
   

3. Create the following directories inside the accounts module:

   mkdir {examples,files,manifests,templates}
   

   Directory	Description
   manifests	The Puppet code which powers the module
   files	Static files to be copied to managed nodes
   templates	Template files to be copied to managed nodes that can e customized with variables
   examples	Example code which shows how to use the module

   Note

   Review Puppet’s Module fundamentals article for more information on how a module is structured.

4. Navigate to the manifests directory:

   cd manifests
   

5. Any file which contains Puppet code is called a manifest, and each manifest file ends in .pp. When located inside a module, a manifest should only define one class. If a module’s manifests directory has an init.pp file, the class definition it contains is considered the main class for the module. The class definition inside init.pp should have the same name as the module.

   Create an init.pp file with the contents of the following snippet. Replace all instances of username with a username of your choosing:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

   class accounts { user { 'username': ensure => present, home => '/home/username', shell => '/bin/bash', managehome => true, gid => 'username', } }

   Option	Description
   ensure	Ensures that the user exists if set to present, or does not exist if set to absent
   home	The path for the user’s home directory
   managehome	Controls whether a home directory should be created when creating the user
   shell	The path to the shell for the user
   gid	The user’s primary group

6. Although the class declares what the user’s primary group should be, it will not create the group itself. Create a new file called groups.pp inside the manifests directory with the following contents. Replace username with your chosen username:

   File: accounts/manifests/groups.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7

   class accounts::groups { group { 'username': ensure => present, } }

7. Your accounts class can declare your new accounts::groups class for use within the accounts class scope. Open your init.pp in your editor and enter a new include declaration at the beginning of the class:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7

   class accounts { include accounts::groups # ... }

8. The new user should have administrative privileges. Because we have agent nodes on both Debian- and Red Hat-based systems, the new user needs to be in the sudo group on Debian systems, and the wheel group on Red Hat systems.

   This value can be set dynamically through the use of Puppet facts. The facts system collects system information about your nodes and makes it available in your manifests.

   Add a selector statement to the top of your accounts class:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

   class accounts { $rootgroup = $osfamily ? { 'Debian' => 'sudo', 'RedHat' => 'wheel', default => warning('This distribution is not supported by the Accounts module'), } include accounts::groups # ... }

   This code defines the value for the $rootgroup variable by checking the value of $osfamily, which is one of Puppet’s core facts. If the value for $osfamily does not match Debian or Red Hat, the default value will output a warning that the distribution selected is not supported by this module.

   Note

   The Puppet Configuration Language executes code from top to bottom. Because the user resource declaration will reference the $rootgroup variable, you must define $rootgroup before the user declaration.

9. Update the user resource to include the groups option as follows:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

   # ... user { 'username': ensure => present, home => '/home/username', shell => '/bin/bash', managehome => true, gid => 'username', groups => "$rootgroup", } # ...

   The value "$rootgroup" is enclosed in double quotes " " instead of single quotes ' ' because it is a variable which needs to be interpolated in your code.

10. The final value that needs to be added is the user’s password. Since we do not want to use plain text, the password should be supplied to Puppet as a SHA1 digest, which is supported by default. Generate a digest with the openssl command:

    openssl passwd -1
    

    You will be prompted to enter your password. A hashed password will be output. Copy this value to your clipboard.

11. Update the user resource to include the password option as follows; insert your copied password hash as the value for the option:

    File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

    # ... user { 'username': ensure => present, home => '/home/username', shell => '/bin/bash', managehome => true, gid => 'username', groups => "$rootgroup", password => 'your_password_hash', } # ...

    Caution

    The hashed password must be included in single quotes ' '.

12. After saving your changes, use the Puppet parser to ensure that the code is correct:

    /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet parser validate init.pp
    

    Any errors that need to be addressed will be logged to standard output. If nothing is returned, your code is valid.

13. Navigate to the examples directory and create another init.pp file:

    cd ../examples
    

    File: accounts/examples/init.pp

    1	include accounts

14. While still in the examples directory, test the module:

     /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply --noop init.pp
    

    Note

    The --noop parameter prevents Puppet from actually applying the module to your system and making any changes.

    It should return:

    Notice: Compiled catalog for puppet.example.com in environment production in 0.26 seconds
    Notice: /Stage[main]/Accounts::Groups/Group[username]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
    Notice: Class[Accounts::Groups]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
    Notice: /Stage[main]/Accounts/User[username]/ensure: current_value absent, should be present (noop)
    Notice: Class[Accounts]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 1 events
    Notice: Stage[main]: Would have triggered 'refresh' from 2 events
    Notice: Finished catalog run in 0.02 seconds

15. Again from the examples directory, run puppet apply to make these changes to the Puppet master server:

    /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply init.pp
    

    Puppet will create your limited Linux user on your master.

16. Log out as root and log in to the Puppet master as your new user.

Edit SSH Settings

Although a new limited user has successfully been added to the Puppet master, it is still possible to login to the system as root. To properly secure your system, root access should be disabled.

Note

Because you are now logged in to the Puppet master as a limited user, you will need to execute commands and edit files with the user’s sudo privileges.

1. Navigate to the files directory within the accounts module:

   cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules/accounts/files
   

2. Copy your system’s existing sshd_config file to this directory:

   sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config .
   

3. Open the file in your editor (making sure that you open it with sudo privileges) and set the PermitRootLogin value to no:

   File: accounts/files/sshd_config

   1	PermitRootLogin no

4. Navigate back to the manifests directory:

   cd ../manifests
   

5. Create a new manifest called ssh.pp. Use the file resource to replace the default SSH configuration file with one managed by Puppet:

   File: accounts/manifests/ssh.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

   class accounts::ssh { file { '/etc/ssh/sshd_config': ensure => present, source => 'puppet:///modules/accounts/sshd_config', } }

   Note

   The files directory is omitted from the source line because the files folder is the default location of files within a module. For more information on the format used to access resources in a module, refer to the official Puppet module documentation.

6. Create a second resource to restart the SSH service and set it to run whenever sshd_config is changed. This will also require a selector statement because the SSH service is named ssh on Debian systems and sshd on Red Hat systems:

   File: accounts/manifests/ssh.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

   class accounts::ssh { $sshname = $osfamily ? { 'Debian' => 'ssh', 'RedHat' => 'sshd', default => warning('This distribution is not supported by the Accounts module'), } file { '/etc/ssh/sshd_config': ensure => present, source => 'puppet:///modules/accounts/sshd_config', notify => Service["$sshname"], } service { "$sshname": hasrestart => true, } }

   Note

   notify is one of Puppet’s relationship metaparameters.

7. Include the accounts::ssh class within the accounts class in init.pp:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

   class accounts { # ... include accounts::groups include accounts::ssh # ... }

   The complete init.pp

   The contents of your init.pp should now look like the following snippet:

   File: accounts/manifests/init.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

   class accounts { $rootgroup = $osfamily ? { 'Debian' => 'sudo', 'RedHat' => 'wheel', default => warning('This distro not supported by Accounts module'), } include accounts::groups include accounts::ssh user { 'example': ensure => present, home => '/home/username', shell => '/bin/bash', managehome => true, gid => 'username', groups => "$rootgroup", password => 'your_password_hash' } }

   The contents of your init.pp should now look like the following snippet: …

8. Run the Puppet parser to test the syntax of the new class, then navigate to the examples directory to test and run the update to your accounts class:

   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet parser validate ssh.pp
   cd ../examples
   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply --noop init.pp
   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply init.pp
   

   Note

   You may see the following line in your output when validating:

   Error: Removing mount "files": /etc/puppet/files does not exist or is not a directory

   This refers to a Puppet configuration file, not the module resource you’re trying to copy. If this is the only error in your output, the operation should still succeed.

9. To ensure that the ssh class is working properly, log out of the Puppet master and then try to log in as root. You should not be able to do so.

Add and Configure IPtables

To complete this guide’s security settings, the firewall needs to be configure on your Puppet master and nodes. The iptables firewall software will be used.

1. By default, changes to your iptables rules will not persist across reboots. To avoid this, install the appropriate package on your Puppet master and nodes:

   Ubuntu/Debian:

   sudo apt install iptables-persistent
   

   CentOS 7:

   CentOS 7 uses firewalld by default as a controller for iptables. Be sure firewalld is stopped and disabled before starting to work directly with iptables:

   sudo systemctl stop firewalld && sudo systemctl disable firewalld
   sudo yum install iptables-services
   

2. On your Puppet master, install Puppet Lab’s firewall module from the Puppet Forge:

   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet module install puppetlabs-firewall
   

   The module will be installed in your /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules directory.

3. Navigate to the manifests directory inside the new firewall module:

   cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/modules/firewall/manifests/
   

4. Create a file titled pre.pp, which will contain all basic networking rules that should be run first:

   File: firewall/manifests/pre.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

   class firewall::pre { Firewall { require => undef, } # Accept all loopback traffic firewall { '000 lo traffic': proto => 'all', iniface => 'lo', action => 'accept', }-> #Drop non-loopback traffic firewall { '001 reject non-lo': proto => 'all', iniface => '! lo', destination => '127.0.0.0/8', action => 'reject', }-> #Accept established inbound connections firewall { '002 accept established': proto => 'all', state => ['RELATED', 'ESTABLISHED'], action => 'accept', }-> #Allow all outbound traffic firewall { '003 allow outbound': chain => 'OUTPUT', action => 'accept', }-> #Allow ICMP/ping firewall { '004 allow icmp': proto => 'icmp', action => 'accept', } #Allow SSH connections firewall { '005 Allow SSH': dport => '22', proto => 'tcp', action => 'accept', }-> #Allow HTTP/HTTPS connections firewall { '006 HTTP/HTTPS connections': dport => ['80', '443'], proto => 'tcp', action => 'accept', } }

5. In the same directory, create post.pp, which will run any firewall rules that need to be input last:

   File: firewall/manifests/post.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

   class firewall::post { firewall { '999 drop all': proto => 'all', action => 'drop', before => undef, } }

   These rules will direct the system to drop all inbound traffic that is not already permitted in the firewall.

6. Run the Puppet parser on both files to check their syntax for errors:

   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet parser validate pre.pp
   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet parser validate post.pp
   

7. Navigate to the main manifests directory:

   cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests
   

8. Create a file named site.pp inside /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests. This file is the main manifest for the Puppet server service. It is used to map modules, classes, and resources to the nodes that they should be applied to.

   File: site.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

   node default { } node 'puppet.example.com' { include accounts resources { 'firewall': purge => true, } Firewall { before => Class['firewall::post'], require => Class['firewall::pre'], } class { ['firewall::pre', 'firewall::post']: } firewall { '200 Allow Puppet Master': dport => '8140', proto => 'tcp', action => 'accept', } }

9. Run the site.pp file through the Puppet parser to check its syntax for errors. Then, test the file with the --noop option to see if it will run:

   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet parser validate site.pp
   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply --noop site.pp
   

   If successful, run puppet apply without the --noop option:

   sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply site.pp
   

10. Once Puppet has finished applying the changes, check the Puppet master’s iptables rules:

    sudo iptables -L
    

    It should return:

    Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
    target     prot opt source               destination
    ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* 000 lo traffic */
    REJECT     all  --  anywhere             127.0.0.0/8          /* 001 reject non-lo */ reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
    ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* 002 accept established */ state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
    ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere             /* 004 allow icmp */
    ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             multiport ports ssh /* 005 Allow SSH */
    ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             multiport ports http,https /* 006 HTTP/HTTPS connections */
    ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             multiport ports 8140 /* 200 Allow Puppet Master */
    DROP       all  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* 999 drop all */
    
    Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
    target     prot opt source               destination
    
    Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
    target     prot opt source               destination
    ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* 003 allow outbound */
    

Apply Modules to the Agent Nodes

Now that the accounts and firewall modules have been created, tested, and run on the Puppet master, it is time to apply them to your managed nodes.

1. On the Puppet master, navigate to /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests:

   cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests
   

2. Update site.pp to declare the modules, classes, and resources that should be applied to each managed node:

   File: site.pp

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

   node default { } node 'puppet.example.com' { # ... } node 'puppet-agent-ubuntu.example.com' { include accounts resources { 'firewall': purge => true, } Firewall { before => Class['firewall::post'], require => Class['firewall::pre'], } class { ['firewall::pre', 'firewall::post']: } } node 'puppet-agent-centos.example.com' { include accounts resources { 'firewall': purge => true, } Firewall { before => Class['firewall::post'], require => Class['firewall::pre'], } class { ['firewall::pre', 'firewall::post']: } }

3. By default, the Puppet agent service on your managed nodes will automatically check with the master once every 30 minutes and apply any new configurations from the master. You can also manually invoke the Puppet agent process in-between automatic agent runs.

   Log in to each managed node (as root) and run the Puppet agent:

   /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent -t
   

4. To ensure the Puppet agent worked:

   • Log out from your root SSH session and log back in as the limited user that was created.

   • Check the node’s firewall rules:

     sudo iptables -L
     

Congratulations! You’ve successfully installed Puppet on a master and two managed nodes. Now that you’ve confirmed everything is working, you can create additional modules to automate configuration management on your nodes. For more information, review Puppet’s open source documentation. You can also install and use modules others have created on the Puppet Forge.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Puppet Labs
• Puppet Open Source Documentation