Install WordPress on AlmaLinux 8

WordPress is an open-source content management system (CMS). WordPress remains perhaps the most popular CMS for blogging, which was its original use case. Its effectiveness as a CMS has also made it useful for an array of websites where strong content management is crucial. WordPress also boasts an extensive library of themes, plug-ins, and widgets to meet your website’s needs and make it your own. In this guide, you learn how to install WordPress on your AlmaLinux 8 server.

Before You Begin

1. Familiarize yourself with our Getting Started with Linode guide, and complete the steps for setting your Linode’s hostname and timezone.

2. This guide uses sudo wherever possible. Complete the sections of our How to Secure Your Server guide to create a standard user account, harden SSH access, and remove unnecessary network services.

3. Update your system:

    sudo yum update
   

4. Replace all instances of example.com in this guide with your domain name.

Note

This guide is written for non-root users. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, see the Linux Users and Groups guide.

Set Up the Prerequisites

WordPress runs on PHP and uses MySQL/MariaDB for storing data. You also need a webserver to serve the content from WordPress.

To satisfy these requirements, you can set up a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) or a LEMP (Linux, NGINX, MySQL, and PHP) stack. Then, you need to create a database that WordPress can use.

Install a LAMP or LEMP Stack

1. Install PHP. The default version of PHP on AlmaLinux 8 is 7.2, but WordPress requires version 7.4. So, these steps use the Remi package repository to get the required version.

   • Add Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL), then add the Remi repository.

       sudo yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
       sudo yum install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm
     

   • Use YUM’s configuration manager to enable the Remi repository, and update YUM.

       sudo yum config-manager --enable remi
       sudo yum update
     

   • Install PHP 7.4. In the following command, replace php74-php with php74-php-fpm if you are setting up a LEMP stack.

       sudo yum install php74-php php74-php-mysqlnd
     

   • Enable and start the php-fpm service.

       sudo systemctl enable php74-php-fpm
       sudo systemctl start php74-php-fpm
     

2. Complete the installation of a LAMP or LEMP stack by following the appropriate guide linked below. For each guide, skip the step on installing PHP/PHP-FPM, since you did that above. Additionally, replace php in any commands with php74-php. For example, change php-fpm and php-mysqlnd to php74-php-fpm and php74-php-mysqlnd, respectively.

   Note

   Both of the guides linked below are for CentOS 8 rather than AlmaLinux 8. However, the steps in these guides have been tested and verified to work on AlmaLinux without requiring any changes.

   • To create a LAMP stack, follow the How to Install a LAMP Stack on CentOS 8 guide. The php.ini file referred to in the guide can be found at the following location: /etc/opt/remi/php74/php.ini.

   • To create a LEMP stack, follow the How to Install the LEMP Stack on CentOS 8 guide. The www.conf file referred to in the guide can be found at /etc/opt/remi/php74/php-fpm.d/www.conf, and the php.ini file can be found at /etc/opt/remi/php74/php.ini.

     In addition to the steps in the guide, take the following steps to prepare your NGINX configuration for WordPress.

     • Modify the following lines in the PHP-FPM configuration file to have PHP listen for the NGINX user.

       File: /etc/opt/remi/php74/php-fpm.d/www.conf

       1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

       # [...] listen.owner = nginx listen.group = nginx listen.mode = 0660 # [...] listen.acl_users = nginx

     • Add index.php to the location / block of your site’s configuration file.

       File: /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf

       1 2 3 4 5

       location / { index index.php index.html index.htm; try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

     • Restart both PHP and NGINX to reload their configurations.

         sudo systemctl restart php74-php-fpm
         sudo systemctl restart nginx
       

Create a WordPress Database

1. Log into MySQL as the root user, entering the password you configured for the user when prompted.

    sudo mysql -u root -p
   

2. Create a MySQL database for WordPress using the following command:

    CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
   

3. While still logged into MySQL, create a MySQL user for WordPress, and give that user privileges for the WordPress database. In the commands below, replace wpuser and password with the username and password that you want for your WordPress MySQL user.

    CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wpuser'@'localhost';
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

4. You can then use the quit; command to exit MySQL.

Install WordPress

1. Create a src directory in your website’s directory, then change into that new directory. In this section and the following sections, the website directory used is /var/www/example.com. This is the same website directory created in the LAMP and LEMP guides linked in the section above.

    sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/example.com/src
    cd /var/www/html/example.com/src
   

2. Download the latest version of the WordPress package.

    sudo curl -L -O http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
   

3. Install tar, and use it to extract the WordPress files.

    sudo yum install tar
    sudo tar -xvf latest.tar.gz
   

4. Rename the tar.gz package in a way that makes it easy to distinguish, such as including the date in the filename. Here is an example:

    sudo mv latest.tar.gz wordpress-`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`.tar.gz
   

   Doing this, while not required, can be helpful. For instance, if you install a newer version of WordPress but subsequently need to roll it back, you have a past version stored, and labeled here.

5. Move the contents of the src/wordpress directory into the root directory defined in your website’s configuration file. For the guides linked above, this is the public_html directory.

    sudo mv wordpress/* ../public_html/
   

6. Give the web server user and its associated user group ownership of the website directory.

   • If you are using Apache, use the command below:

       sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/example.com
     

   • If you are using NGINX, use the command below:

       sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/example.com
     

Configure WordPress

1. In a web browser, visit the domain name for your website (i.e. example.com). Follow the prompts to enter information related to your WordPress website. When prompted, enter the database credentials you created when setting up the MySQL database in the steps above. Click on the Run the installation button to proceed.

   

2. Enter information for your WordPress administrator user, then choose Install WordPress. After the installation has finished, log in using the credentials you entered for the administrator user.

   

3. By default, WordPress attempts to use FTP credentials to install themes and plug-ins. Bypass this by adding the following lines to the public/wp-config.php file.

   File: /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/wp-config.php

   1 2 3

   /** Bypass FTP */ define('FS_METHOD', 'direct');

   

Conclusion

Your WordPress site is up and running. You can reach the site’s dashboard, where you can manage its settings, by appending /wp-admin to the domain name. For instance, using the example.com domain name above, your URL looks as follows: example.com/wp-admin.

To get the most out of your WordPress site, check out WordPress’s First Steps with WordPressguide. It helps you figure out how to start using and customizing your WordPress site.

To go beyond the basic configuration on your WordPress site, take a look at our Configuring WordPress guide. It walks you through more advanced configuration options that open up new features for your WordPress installation.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• First Steps with WordPress
• WordPress Support: WordPress Widgets