How to Install Nagios on Debian 10 and Ubuntu 20.04

Monitoring tools play an important part in effectively operating production servers. They can help you keep tabs on a server’s status and quickly catch any issues that might arise. Nagios is a popular solution, providing monitoring and alerts for your server and the applications and services running on it. The wide array of plugins available for Nagios make it adaptable to your needs.

Note

Nagios’s official installation guide shows how to compile Nagios from source code rather than from the package manager. Installing Nagios using packages is more straightforward, but you can follow Nagios’s official installation guide if you would prefer to install Nagios from source code.

Before You Begin

1. Familiarize yourself with our Getting Started with Linode guide and complete the steps for setting your Linode’s hostname and timezone.

2. This guide uses sudo wherever possible. Complete the sections of our How to Secure Your Server to create a standard user account, harden SSH access, and remove unnecessary network services.

3. Install and configure a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) stack. Follow the Install a LAMP Stack on Debian 10 or the How to Install a LAMP Stack on Ubuntu 18.04 guide for instructions.

4. Update your system:

    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
   

Note

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, see the Users and Groups guide.

Create a Nagios User and User Group

1. Create a Nagios user and a nagcmd user group:

    sudo useradd nagios
    sudo groupadd nagcmd
   

2. Add both the Nagios user and the Apache2 user to the nagcmd user group:

    sudo usermod -aG nagcmd nagios && sudo usermod -aG nagcmd www-data
   

Install Nagios

1. Install Nagios, answering any prompts you receive during the installation process:

    sudo apt install nagios4
   

2. You can run the following command to install additional plugins for Nagios:

    sudo apt install nagios-plugins-contrib
   

Configure Apache and Nagios

1. Create the Nagios administrator user:

    sudo htdigest -c /etc/nagios4/htdigest.users "Nagios4" nagiosadmin
   

2. Open the Nagios configuration file for Apache in your preferred text editor, and make the changes listed below. The file should be located at /etc/nagios4/apache2.conf.

   • Comment out the Require ip line by adding a # to the beginning of the line. Beneath that line, add the lines shown below.
   • Under the Files tag, comment out the Require all granted line, and un-comment the Require valid-user line.

   File: /etc/nagios4/apache2.conf

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

   <DirectoryMatch (/usr/share/nagios4/htdocs|/usr/lib/cgi-bin/nagios4|/etc/nagios4/stylesheets)> # [...] #Require ip ::1/128 fc00::/7 fe80::/10 10.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.0/8 169.254.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16 <Files "cmd.cgi"> AuthDigestDomain "Nagios4" AuthDigestProvider file AuthUserFile "/etc/nagios4/htdigest.users" AuthGroupFile "/etc/group" AuthName "Nagios4" AuthType Digest Require valid-user Allow from 127.0.0.1 198.51.100.0 #Require all granted Require valid-user </Files> </DirectoryMatch>

   • Replace 198.51.100.0 with one or more IP addresses from which you would like to access the Nagios interface, each separated by spaces. You can find the IP address you are making an SSH connection from by running the who command.

   • This configuration limits Nagios access to users coming from a pre-approved IP address and providing valid login credentials. The changes to the Files section ensure that only a user with the appropriate permissions can send commands to your machine via the Nagios interface. By default, only the nagiosadmin user that is configured above has these permissions.

3. Open the Nagios CGI configuration file, located at /etc/nagios4/cgi.cfg, and set use_authentication to 1.

4. Enable the mod_rewrite, mod_cgi, mod_auth_digest, and mod_authz_groupfile Apache modules:

    sudo a2enmod rewrite
    sudo a2enmod cgi
    sudo a2enmod auth_digest
    sudo a2enmod authz_groupfile
   

5. Restart the Apache service:

    sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

Access Nagios

Use a web browser to navigate to your machine’s domain name or public IP address followed by /nagios4. If you are accessing Nagios from the machine on which it is installed, navigate to: localhost/nagios4. When prompted, log in using the credentials you set up for the administrator user above (nagiosadmin).

• You should be greeted by the Nagios landing page.

• You can view monitoring status information by selecting Hosts from the menu on the left.

• You can get details on the services running and their statuses by selecting Services from the menu on the left.

Next Steps

Nagios contains many features beyond the scope of this guide. Explore the Nagios administrative interface, as well as the official Nagios 4 documentation, to learn more about setting up and configuring your Nagios installation.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Nagios
• installation guide
• Nagios 4 documentation